The term "fat"
has developed a certain stigma these days. Too many people have bought
into the concept that eating fat makes you fat. Perhaps that's so with
the five pieces of bacon at breakfast, but the fact remains some fat
intake is essential.
Should
I avoid everything with fat in it? The theory of avoiding all fatty
foods is a falicty. Small amount of butters and oils are needed by your
body. Butters and oils are omega 3 fatty acids that are used for energy.
Animal fat and saturated fats are what your looking to stay away from.
What
are Essential Fatty Acids? Omega-6 fatty acids are found in vegetable
oils, and Omega-3 fatty acids are found in cold-water fish, canola oil
and flaxseed oil and contribute to a complex web of biochemical reactions
that produce hormone-like substances called prostaglandins. Besides
making the fat-burning and protein-building hormone called growth hormone
(GH), prostaglandins make muscles more sensitive to the anabolic effects
of insulin, the body's primary nutrient-transport hormone. These fatty
acids may influence most biochemical processes in the body and preserve
muscle glutamine (an amino acid that supports the immune system and
muscle growth).
Do
I need Fatty Acids? Essential
Fatty Acids (EFA) must
be obtained from your diet since the body can't produce them.
They are needed for certain basic physiological processes.
Linolenic acid, the main EFA, is the only one your body can't make.
Good sources are safflower, sunflower and walnut oils, which are polyunsaturates.
One to two tablespoons of safflower oil should meet your daily EFA needs.
Why
is Saturated fat bad? Saturated fats promote the formation of a
group of prostaglandins known as E2, which may depress the immune system
and offset the beneficial effects of omega-3s. In
excess, saturated fat increases risk of cardiovascular and other diseases.
Meat and dairy products range from 40%-60% saturated fat. Palm and coconut
oils are high in saturated fat, as are many processed foods.
Is Canola
oil the better oil? Canola has less saturated fat than olive oil
and it is one of the better sources of omega-3s. Canola is 6 percent
saturated fat, compared to 14 percent in olive oil and 15 percent in
soybean oil. It is also high in monounsaturated fats (including oleic
acid, which has been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol) and has a moderate
level of polyunsaturated fats (such as alpha linolenic acid, which lowers
triglycerides and reduces the risk of heart disease).
What
determines a better oil? A healthy ratio of omega-6s to omega-3s
is important when choosing any oil. While both omega-3s and omega-6s
are needed for good health, they work effectively only when present
in the proper ratios. Canola also has one of the best ratios of omega-6
to omega-3 fatty acids of all oils.
Can
you have too much Omega Fatty Acids? Omega-6s compete with omega-3s,
so if you have too many omega-6s in your diet, your body won't be able
to absorb enough omega-3s. The ideal ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to
omega-3 fatty acids in the human diet is less than 4 to 1, but up to
10 to 1 is acceptable. Canola oil has a ratio of 2 to 1, soybean oil
has a ratio of 7 to 1; olive oil has a ratio of 16 to 1; corn oil has
a ratio of 60 to 1.
What
can too much fat cause? The negative effects of excess dietary fat
and body-fat are well known: high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer
risk and diabetes.
What
can too little fat cause? The negative effects of too little dietary
fat are likewise dramatic and are just beginning to receive attention.
It can lead to vitamin A, D, E and K deficiencies, initially resulting
in dry skin and brittle hair, then eczema, psoriasis, hair loss and
slow wound healing in more serious cases.
Are
all exercisers on low-fat diets? The hazards of too-low dietary
fat may most affect highly trained athletes, including bodybuilders,
who traditionally eat much more carbohydrate and protein than fat. Because
bodybuilders don't want to risk excess dietary fat being stored as body-fat
- and since skeletal muscles prefer to burn sugars from carbohydrates
instead of fat for energy during anaerobic, weight training-type exercise
- they tend to eliminate as much fat as possible from their diet.
What
are Monounsaturated Fats? These fats have beneficial effects on
the cardio-vascular system. Found in olive and canola oil, for example,
they help improve blood lipid balance. You should get 10% of your total
daily calories from these fats.
What
are Trans-Fatty Acids? Most are unsaturated fats that have been
hydrogenated. They have health risks more like saturated fat than unsaturated
fats, so avoid them.