Carbohydrates are
the main fuel source for workouts and exercise. Protein often gets more
attention than carbs, but don't let that fool you, carbohydrates form
the platform upon which the rest of your diet relies on. Avoiding carbs
all-together can hinder muscle recovery and keep you from putting on
lean body mass.
What
are Carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are basically
chains of sugar molecules of various lengths; the shorter ones are called
simple and the longer ones are called complex. Carbs
are sugars and starches that are converted by the body into "simple"
sugars such as glucose or fructose, however, all sugars must become
glucose that your body can use for energy. A small portion of the glucose
is converted to glycogen and stored within the liver and muscles, any
excess is converted to fat and stored throughout the body as a reserve
source of energy. There
are three main categories of digestible carbohydrates, and the types
of carbs that you consume are very important in your diet:
Unprocessed
complex carbohydrates are usually foods also rich in vitamins,
minerals and fiber. They are generally low glycemic (not very much
simple sugar) and include brown rice, whole-grain bread, yams, red
potatoes, beans and oatmeal.
Processed
complex carbohydrates are foods that are refined. Compared to
unprocessed carbs, they are usually higher on the glycemic index (high
in simple sugar); may offer less fiber, vitamins and minerals; and
are digested fairly quickly. These carbohydrates include white rice,
white bread, bagels and russet potatoes.
Simple
carbohydrates include sugars, fruit juices and soft drinks. They
are high glycemic and are absorbed almost immediately by the body.
So
what kind of carbohydrates should you be eating? "Simple carbohydrates
are an ideal choice for immediately after training because they are
superior to complex carbohydrates at restoring muscle glycogen burned
during training. For all regular meals, stick with less refined complex
carbohydrates, such as brown rice and oatmeal, the foods you find in
nature that haven't been tampered with too much by processing. Although
eating brown rice instead of white rice won't necessarily help you pack
on the muscle any faster, unprocessed complex carbohydrates - with their
vitamins, minerals and fiber - are just plain better for your overall
health. Their refined counterparts often contain unhealthy fats, too
much sugar and too little fiber.
What
about Sweets and Snacks? Carbohydrate snacks, which contain large
amounts of refined sugars and starches are usually low in vitamins,
minerals and cellulose and they create a sudden rise in blood sugar
levels, which provides the body with an immediate, but temporary source
of energy with few nutrients. The "insulin spike," which shortly
follows this reaction, quickly lowers the blood sugar levels and results
in the cravings for more sugary foods and eventually causing fatigue,
dizziness, nervousness and headaches, and may leave you with a lack
of appetite for nutritional foods and contribute to excessive weight
gain.
Are
Juices and Soda's o.k. to have? If you read the labels on a container
of juice or soda you'll notice that the carbohydrates are at about 40
or 50 grams and the sugars are of about the same amount, meaning that
your drinking sugar water. Fruits (labeled to some as "green water")
are somewhat similar and contribute little energy value to the diet.
Although fruits and vegetables do have trace vitamins and minerals,
and they provide you with cellulose which is found in the skin of the
fruit and vegetables that provide the bulk necessary to aid in the digestive
process.
Is yogurt
a healthy diet food? Again, you must read your labels. It has been
led to believe that a diet of yogurt and salad will trim your fat away,
although we know that only exercise can burn fat, and not foods. Yogurts
contain roughly 40 to 50 grams of carbohydrates as well, with the sugar
gram count being just under if not the same, which tells you that what
you would basically be eating is cultured, flavored sugar. Yogurts,
cheeses, creamers, and even milk are all high in lactose, which tends
to leave you feeling bloated and sluggish. Choosing these products for
your diet will depend on what your physique setting goals are.
Should
I not eat carbs late at night? Eating carbohydrates at night can,
under certain circumstances, cause you to store the calories as fat.
Another reason to avoid or lower your carbohydrate intake late at night,
when trying to get cut, is to harness the body's output of growth hormone
(GH), which is released at night within the first 90 minutes of deep
sleep. GH is beneficial if you wish to shed fat and hold muscle, because
it initiates a moderate shifting of fuel sources so the body burns more
fatty acids at rest at the expense of burning less glycogen and body
protein. Taking advantage of your body's GH output results in additional
fat loss without a loss in muscle. Carbs consumed before you head off
to bed can blunt the body's natural release of growth hormone, since
GH is released more readily when blood-sugar levels are low. That's
why some bodybuilders try to avoid carbohydrates later in the day.